colors: #196280 sources: Timeline of ancient Greece events: Aegina and Andros are impressed into the Hellenic League;;;;-480;; [[Emporion]] ousts Carthaginian influences;;;;-480;; [[Leonidas]], [[Sparta]]n, sacrifices 300 Spartan soldiers at the [[Battle of Thermopylae]] so main force can escape\; [[Xerxes I|Xerxes]] son of Darius is commanding the Persians.;;;;-480;; Croton, Leucas and Corcyra joins the Hellenic League;;;;-480;; Simultaneous with Thermopylae, the Greeks and Persians fight to a draw in the naval [[Battle of Artemisium]].;;;;-480;; Boeotia, [[Attica]] and [[Phocis]] are occupied by Persia;;;;-480;; [[Battle of Salamis]]: [[Themistocles]], Athenian general, lures Persians into Bay of [[Battle of Salamis|Salamis]], Xerxes loses and goes home, leaves behind [[Mardonius (general)|Mardonius]].;;;;-480;; Possibly simultaneous with the Battle of Salamis, [[Battle of Himera (480 BC)|Battle of Himera]] between Carthage and Akragas (Theron)-Syracuse (Gelon)-Himera (Thrasydaeus);;;;-480;; [[Pausanias (general)|Pausanias]], Greek general routs [[Mardonius (general)|Mardonius]] at the [[Battle of Plataea]].;;;;-479;; [[Battle of Mycale]];;;;-479;; Rhodes, Samos, Kos and many Greek cities in Persia begin to declare independence;;;;-479;; Paros is vassalized by Athens;;;;-479;; Athens annexes [[Tenedos]];;;;-479;; [[Sestos]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-479;; Boeotian League is dissolved by Hellenic League;;;;-479;; [[Sicels|Sicel]] [[Ducetius]] overthrows [[Miniu]];;;;-479;; [[Byzantium]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-478;; [[Delian League]] is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia, [[Delos]], [[Kos]], Euboea, [[Tilos]], Rhodes, [[Karpathos]], Athenai, Paros, Troezen, [[Sifnos]], Doris, Aeolis, Andros, [[Aenea (city)|Aenea]], Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others;;;;-478;; Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron, [[Polyzelos]] is put in control of Gela;;;;-478;; The Persian Empire abandons [[Europe]] except [[Doriscus|Doriskus]] and [[Eion]];;;;-477;; Chalcedon, Byzantium, Carystus, [[Enez|Ainos]], Perinthos and others join the Delian League;;;;-477;; Andros is turned into an Athenian [[Cleruchy|cleurchy]];;;;-477;; [[Micythus]] becomes Tyrant of Rhegion after Anaxilas' death;;;;-476;; Catania is split between Hieron and Ducetius, Catania is renamed [[Catania|Aetna]], settled by Dorians and ruled by the Tyrant [[Deinmenes the Younger|Deinmenes II]];;;;-476;; Taras allies with Rhegion to protect themselves from the Iapygians, but later lose to them in battle;;;;-476;; Himera is settled by [[Doric Greek|Doric]] colonists;;;;-476;; Sybaris declares independence from Kroton;;;;-476;; Cimon elected general each year;Cimon;;;-476;-462; Sybaris is annexed by Kroton;;;;-475;; Abdera and Eion join the Delian League;;;;-475;; [[Skyros]] is annexed by Athens;;;;-475;; [[Battle of Cumae]];;;;-474;; Naxos joins the Delian League;;;;-474;; Hieron occupies the [[Parthenopaean Islands|Parthenopean Islands]];;;;-474;; [[Pindar]], Greek poet relocates to [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] (in Greece) from court at [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]].;;;;-474;; Taras is defeated by the Iapygians;;;;-473;; Thrasydaeus annexes Akragas after death of Theron;;;;-472;; Naxos leaves the Delian League and is subsequently sieged by Athens;;;;-471;; [[Themistocles]] [[ostracism|ostracized]].;;;;-471;; [[Dénia]], ''Hēmeroskopeion'' is founded by [[Greeks in France|Massaliot Greeks]]. The town was situated on the cape then called Artemisium or Dianium, named from a temple of Ephesia Artemis built upon it (goddess [[Artemis]] was called Diana in Latin).;;;;-470;; Naxos is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-470;; Ducetius annexes Ergezio;;;;-470;; The new urban zone of [[Naples|Neápolis]] was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of [[Cumae]] on the plain of [[History of Naples|Parthenope]] after the victorious [[Battle of Cumae]];;;;-470;; [[Troy|Illios]] is annexed by Mytilene;;;;-469;; Klazomenai, Phaselis, Aspendos, Doris and Priene join the Delian League;;;;-469;; Thrasydaeus is overthrown by Akragas;;;;-468;; [[Sophocles]], Greek playwright, defeats [[Aeschylus]] for Athenian Prize for drama.;;;;-468;; Micythus steps down to [[Leophron]];;;;-467;; Taras is defeated by the Iapygians;;;;-466;; Taras' monarchy is overthrown by democrats;;;;-466;; [[Thrasybulus of Syracuse|Thrasybulos]] succeeds Hieron;;;;-466;; [[Thasus]] leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens;;;;-465;; Abydos and Troad join the Delian League;;;;-465;; Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Athens;;;;-465;; Deinmenes II, Aenesidemus, Thrasybulos and Polyzelos are overthrown by their respective cities;;;;-465;; Thasus is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-463;; Megara leaves the Peloponnesian League;;;;-462;; Catania, Naxos and Catania declare independence from Syracuse, Dorian settlers are removed from Catania;;;;-461;; Kamarina is refounded under the Tyranny of [[Psaumis of Camarina|Psaumis]];;;;-461;; [[Cimon]] ostracized.;;;;-461;; Thera joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-461;; Messene and Rhegion separate and oust Leophron;;;;-461;; Taras defeats the Iapygians;;;;-460;; Aetna is founded;;;;-460;; [[First Peloponnesian War]] Starts;;;;-460;; Aegina is sieged by Athens;;;;-459;; [[Morgantina]] is annexed by Ducetius;;;;-459;; Siege of Memphis, destruction of the Athenian fleet by Megabyzus;Wars of the Delian League;;;-459;-455; Imbros is annexed by Athens;;;;-458;; Aegina is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-457;; Delphi is annexed by Phocis;;;;-457;; [[Pericles]], Athenian statesman begins [[Golden Age]], he was taught by [[Anaxagoras]], who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms.;;;;-457;; Boeotia (Except Thebes), Phocis and Locris join the Delian League;;;;-457;; Gythium is raided by Athens;;;;-456;; [[Zakynthos]] joins the Delian League;;;;-456;; [[Enna|Castrugiuvanni (Enna)]] join Ducetius;;;;-456;; [[Aeschylus]] dies.;;;;-456;; [[Nafpaktos]] is impressed into the Delian League and settled with Messenian [[Helots]];;;;-455;; [[Abacaenum]] is annexed by Ducetius;;;;-454;; Movement of Delian treasury to Athens and start of the First Athenian Empire;;;;-454;; Athenian annexation of Delos;;;;-454;; [[Palike]] is founded by Ducetius;;;;-453;; Akragas and Aetna are annexed by Ducetius, Ducetius sieges Motyon;;;;-452;; [[Sybaris|Nea Sybaris]] is founded by Sybarites;;;;-452;; Athens sieges [[Kition]];;;;-451;; [[Motyon]] is occupied by Ducetius;;;;-451;; Naxos becomes a cleurchy;;;;-450;; Akragas and Motyon are liberated from Ducetius starting a decades long conflict between Syracuse+friends and the Sicels;;;;-450;; Delphi declares independence from Phocis;;;;-449;; Ducetius abandons the [[Sicel Federation]] he created and is forced to go into exile at Korinth;;;;-449;; Morgantina is annexed Syracuse;;;;-449;; [[Herodotus]], Greek Historian, writes [[Greco-Persian Wars#Sources|History of Greco-Persian War]] from 490–479 BC.;;;;-449;; Delphi is annexed by Phocis;;;;-448;; [[Ictinus]] and [[Callicrates]], Greek architects, begin construction of the [[Parthenon]].;;;;-447;; Nea Sybaris is annexed by Kroton;;;;-447;; Chalcis leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens;;;;-447;; Phocis, Locris and Boeotia leave the Delian League, Boeotia unites into the Boeotian League and joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-446;; Megara joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-446;; [[Kale Akte]] is founded by Ducetius;;;;-446;; [[Achaea]] and [[Troezen|Trozen]] leave the Peloponnesian League and join the Delian League;;;;-446;; Euboean Revolt;;;;-446;-445; Euboea is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-445;; [[Hestiaea (Attica)|Histiaea]] becomes an Athenian cleurchy;;;;-445;; First Peloponnesian War Ends;;;;-445;; Troezen is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-445;; Thurii is founded by Sybarites and Various [[Greeks|Hellenes]];;;;-443;; [[Euripides]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize.;;;;-441;; [[Sybaris on the Traeis]] is founded by Sybarites exiled from Thurii;;;;-441;; Samos leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens;;;;-440;; Palike is destroyed, ending the Sicel Federation;;;;-440;; Ducetius dies;;;;-440;; Samos is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-439;; Founding of the [[Bosporan Kingdom]];;;;-438;; Newly founded [[Amphipolis]] annexes Eion;;;;-437;; Athens allies with [[Messapians|Messapia]];;;;-437;; [[Taulantii]]-Epidamos War;;;;-436;; [[Phidias]], Greek sculptor, completes statue of Zeus at Elis, 1 of 7 wonders of the world.;;;;-435;; Epidamos becomes a democracy;;;;-434;; Epidamos is annexed by Korinth;;;;-434;; Kerkyra allies with Taulantii and siege Epidamos;;;;-434;; Kerkyra seizes Outer Epidamos (City);;;;-434;; [[Battle of Leukimme]];;;;-434;; Kerkyra raids [[Kastro-Kyllini|Kyllene]];;;;-434;; Kerkyra joins Delian League;;;;-434;; [[Battle of Sybota]];;;;-433;; [[Anaktorio|Anactorium]] is annexed by Korinth;;;;-433;; Psaumis dies;;;;-432;; Potidaea leaves the Delian League and is [[Battle of Potidaea|sieged]] by Athens;;;;-432;; [[Pydna]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-432;; End of "Golden Age" of Athens;;;;-432;; [[Sparta]] commanded by King [[Archidamus II]] prepares to destroy [[Athens]] thus starting the [[Peloponnesian War]].;;;;-431;; Plataea is sieged by Thebes;;;;-431;; [[Pagae]] and [[Atalanta (island)|Atalanta]] is occupied by Athens;;;;-431;; Aegina is annexed by Athens;;;;-431;; [[Empedocles]], Greek doctor, believes body has [[Four Temperaments]].;;;;-431;; Athens abandons the Siege of Pydna;;;;-430;; [[Herakleion (Pieria)|Herakleion]] is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-430;; Spartan Siege of Zakynthos (Local Victory);;;;-430;; Failed peace mission by [[Athens]], [[bubonic plague]] year, [[Sparta]] takes no prisoners.;;;;-430;; [[Leucippus]], Greek philosopher, believes every natural event has natural cause. Athenian Plague begins in Athens.;;;;-430;; Herakleion is annexed by [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]];;;;-429;; Potidaea is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-429;; All Chalkidiki cities (Except Mende, Acanthus, Scione, Stagirus and Aphytis) leave the Delian League;;;;-429;; Athens Siege of [[Kydonia]] (Local Victory);;;;-429;; [[Phormio]], Athenian admiral, wins the [[Battle of Chalcis|Battle of Chalcis/Rhium]].;;;;-429;; [[Pericles]] dies of Athenian Plague, possibly [[typhus]] or [[bubonic plague]].;;;;-429;; [[Hippocrates]], Greek doctor, believes diseases have physical cause.;;;;-429;; First Battle of Naupaktos (Athenian Victory);;;;-429;; [[Plato]] born.;;;;-428;; Mytilene and [[Antissa]] leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna;;;;-428;; Illios joins the Delian League;;;;-428;; Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities;;;;-427;; [[Archidamus II]] dies, [[Alcidas]], Greek admiral sent to help [[Lesbos Island|Lesbos]], raids [[Ionia]] and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns.;;;;-427;; Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League;;;;-427;; [[Aristophanes]], Greek playwright, wins Athenian Prize.;;;;-427;; Corcyran Civil War (Democratic Victory);;;;-427;; [[First Athenian Intervention in Sicily]] begins;;;;-427;; Megara occupies Pegae;;;;-426;; Athens sieges Lecus;;;;-426;; Pylos, Messene, Mylae, [[Aegitium]] and [[Tichium]] are occupied by Athens, Pylos is founded by escaped [[Helots]];;;;-426;; [[Battle of Tanagra (426 BC)|Battle of Tanagra]];;;;-426;; Amfissa joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-426;; [[Ozolian Locris]] join the Delian League;;;;-426;; [[Demosthenes (general)|Demosthenes]], Athenian general, and [[Cleon]], Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by [[Nicias]], his first military campaign barely succeeds.;;;;-426;; Ambrakia occupies [[Olpae]] and [[Argos (Acarnania)|Argos]];;;;-426;; [[Acarnanian League]] and [[Amfilochia|Amphilochian League]] are founded and join the Delian League;;;;-426;; Acarnania occupies Olpae and Argos;;;;-425;; Athenian fleet bottles up Spartan navy at [[Navarino Bay]], [[Nicias]] resigns.;;;;-425;; Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-425;; Athens occupies [[Sphacteria]];;;;-425;; Morgantina is annexed by Kamarina;;;;-425;; Ozolian Locris joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-425;; Athens withdraws from Lecas and [[Acarnania]];;;;-425;; Athens withdraws from Messene and Mylae is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-425;; Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-424;; Eion, Akanthus and Amphipolis are sieged by Sparta;;;;-424;; Stagira joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-424;; Nisaia, and [[Siphae]] are occupied by Athenai;;;;-424;; Thyrea is occupied by Athens;;;;-424;; First Athenian Intervention in Sicily ends;;;;-424;; [[Pagondas]] of Thebes (in Greece) crushes Athenian army at the [[Battle of Delium]], [[Brasidas]] a Spartan general, has a successful campaign in the [[Chalkidiki|Chalcidice]], Cleon exiles [[Thucydides]] for 20 years for arriving late.;;;;-424;; Sparta occupied Amphipolis and Scione;;;;-423;; Torone is occupied by Makedonia;;;;-423;; Akanthus joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-423;; [[Truce of Laches]] supposed to stop Brasidas but doesn't, Nicias commands Athenian forces in retaking [[Mende (Chalcidice)|Mende]].;;;;-423;; Olynthus form the [[Chalcidian League]] independent of the Delian League;;;;-423;; Stagira is sieged by Athens;;;;-422;; Neapolis is annexed by Rome;;;;-422;; Torone and Scione are impressed into the Delian League;;;;-422;; Cleon meets Brasidas outside of Amphipolis, both are killed ([[Battle of Amphipolis]]).;;;;-422;; Syracuse annexes the now weak Leontini;;;;-422;; [[Peace of Nicias]] brings temporary end to war, but [[Alcibiades]], a nephew of [[Pericles]], makes anti-Sparta alliance.;;;;-421;; Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-421;; Cumae is annexed by [[Osci|Oscans]];;;;-421;; Athens abandons the Siege of Stagira;;;;-421;; Delphi declares independence from Phocis;;;;-421;; Argulus, [[Apollonia (Mygdonia)|Apollonia]], Potidaea, Akanthus, Stageira and others join the Chalcidian League;;;;-421;; [[Mantineia]], Argos, [[Elis]], [[Sicyon]] and Achaea betray Sparta and switch to the Delian League;;;;-420;; Athens occupies Epidauros;;;;-419;; King [[Agis II]] of Sparta attacks Argos, makes treaty.;;;;-419;; [[Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)|Battle of Mantinea]], greatest land battle of war, gives Sparta victory over Argos, which violated treaty, Alcibiades thrown out, alliance ended.;;;;-418;; Orchmenos is occupied by Argos;;;;-418;; Orchmenos is given to Boeotia;;;;-417;; Sicyon joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-417;; Epidauros is occupied by Sparta;;;;-417;; [[Milos|Melos]] is sieged by Athens;;;;-416;; Alcibiades makes plans, is restored to power.;;;;-416;; Selinus annexes Segesta's frontier provinces;;;;-416;; [[Melian dialogue|Massacre of the Melians]].;;;;-416;; [[Herma]]i statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle ([[Sicilian Expedition]]), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to [[Sparta]].;;;;-415;; Many Syracusan cities rebel;;;;-415;; Siege of Syracuse;Siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC);;;-415;-413; Metapontion allies with Athens;-;;;-414;-413; [[Lamachus]], Athenian commander killed at Syracuse.;;;;-414;; Nicias and Demosthenes killed at Syracuse;;;;-413;; Leontini and Kamarina are vassalized by Syracuse;;;;-413;; Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-413;; Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-413;; Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens.;;;;-412;; Methymna is occupied by Sparta;;;;-412;; Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-412;; Chios is sieged by Athens;;;;-412;; [[Aygrion]] dies and is succeeded by [[Aygris]];;;;-412;; Sparta allies with Persia;;;;-411;; Aspendos is annexed by Persia;;;;-411;; Kyzikus and Klazomenai are impressed into the Delian League;;;;-411;; [[Oropos]] is occupied by Boeotia;;;;-411;; Illios is annexes by [[Lampsacene|Lampsacus]];;;;-411;; Athens abandons the Siege of Chios;;;;-411;; Sparta leaves Methymna;;;;-411;; Euboea, Byzantium, Abydos, Andros, Antandrus, Lampsacus, Chalcedon and Rodos betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League;;;;-411;; Abydos is overthrown by Dercylidas;;;;-411;; Selinus attacks Segesta once again and aggravates Carthage;;;;-411;; Athens is overthrown by the [[The Four Hundred (oligarchy)|Four Hundred]];;;;-411;; After several successes, Athenian demagogue Cleophon rejects Spartan peace offers.;;;;-410;; Segesta is annexed by Carthage;;;;-410;; Four Hundred are overthrown by Athens;;;;-410;; Antandrus is annexed by Persia;;;;-409;; Abydos is sieged by Athens;;;;-409;; Sparta sieges Klazomenai;;;;-409;; Selinus and Himera are sacked by Carthage;;;;-409;; Byzantium recaptured by Alcibiades for Athens.;;;;-409;; The 3 poleis of [[Rhodes|Rodos]] unite and build a new capital called Rodos;;;;-408;; Athens sieges Paleopoli;;;;-408;; Athens abandons Siege of Abydos;;;;-408;; Sparta abandons the Siege of Klazomenai;;;;-408;; Alcibiades reenters Athens in triumph, Lysander, a Spartan commander, has fleet built at Ephesus.;;;;-408;; Thermae is founded by Carthage;;;;-407;; Athens abandons the Siege of Paleopoli;;;;-407;; Lysander begins destruction of Athenian fleet, Alcibiades stripped of power.;;;;-407;; Sparta sieges Methymna;;;;-406;; Akragas is sacked by Carthage;;;;-406;; [[Callicratides]], Spartan naval commander, loses [[Battle of Arginusae]] over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon.;;;;-406;; Methymna is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-405;; Syracuse is overthrown by [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius the Elder]];;;;-405;; Melos is annexed by Sparta;;;;-405;; Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage;;;;-405;; Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities;;;;-405;; Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse;;;;-405;; Carthage annexes [[Elymians|Elymi]], Sicel and [[Sicani|Sican]] territory;;;;-405;; The naval '''Battle of [[Aegospotami]]''' in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanias]] besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens.;;;;-405;; Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence;;;;-405;; Athens capitulates April 25. [[Theramenes]] secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed.;;;;-404;; Delian League is dissolved;;;;-404;; Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League;;;;-404;; [[Entella]] is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage;;;;-404;; Aygris becomes a Syracusan Subject;;;;-404;; Nafpaktos is annexed by Ozolian Locris;;;;-404;; Athens is overthrown by the [[Thirty Tyrants|Thirty]];;;;-404;; Athens joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-404;; Aeimnestus, who is loyal to Dionysius, overthrows Castrugiuvanni;;;;-403;; Aetna is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius;;;;-403;; Dionysius destroys Naxos and Catania and Sicels split Naxos with Syracuse, Catania is ruled by Campanian mercenaries loyal to Dionysius;;;;-403;; Athens overthrows the Thirty;;;;-403;; Athens leaves the Peloponnesian League and refounds the Delian League;;;;-403;; Elis leaves the Peloponnesian League and is subsequently sieged by Sparta;;;;-402;; Euboea joins the Delian League;;;;-401;; Elis is sacked and impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-401;; Dionysius free Castrugiuvanni from Aeimnestus;;;;-401;; Poseidonia is annexed by [[Lucanians]];;;;-401;; Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of "[[Golden Age of Pericles]]" and Peloponnesian War at his death ([[History of the Peloponnesian War]]).;;;;-401;; [[Adranon]] is founded by Dionysius;;;;-400;; Aygris annexes Centuripe;;;;-400;; [[Democritus]], Greek philosopher, develops [[Atomic theory]], believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing;;;;-400;; Illios declares independence from Lampsacus;;;;-399;; Sparta sways Persian Controlled Greek cities near [[Pergamon]] to their side and march on [[Egyptian Larissa]] and siege it;;;;-399;; [[Socrates]], Greek philosopher, condemned to death for corrupting youth.;;;;-399;; Ionia joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-398;; All Carthaginian subjects (Except [[Palermo|Ziz]], their islands, [[Motya]], [[Soluntum|Solus]], Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence from Carthage;;;;-398;; Dionysius sieges Segesta and Entella;;;;-398;; Mainland territory of Motya is occupied by Dionysius;;;;-398;; Motya is destroyed by Dionysius and the Carthaginians build [[Marsala|Lilybaion]] to replace it;;;;-397;; Dionysius abandons the Sieges of Entella and Segesta;;;;-397;; Eryx, Segesta, Lipari, Messene and Entella are annexed by Carthage;;;;-397;; Carthage allies with the Sicel cities except [[Assorus, Sicily|Assorus]];;;;-397;; [[Taormina|Tauormenion]] is founded by Carthage to be a supply base, settled by Sicels;;;;-397;; Carthaginian forces have to go the long way around [[Mount Etna]] due to an eruption;;;;-397;; Catania is occupied by Carthage;;;;-397;; [[Battle of Catana (397 BC)|Battle of Catania]];;;;-397;; Syracuse is sieged by Carthage;;;;-397;; Carthage lifts the [[Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)|Siege of Syracuse]] and abandons Eastern Sicily except Messene and Lipari;;;;-396;; Himera and Selinus are annexed by Carthage;;;;-396;; Gela, Ergezio, Catania, Adranon, Kamarina and Leontini are annexed by Dionysius;;;;-396;; [[Tyndaris]] is founded by Dionysius to combat piracy and a base of operations;;;;-396;; Persia annexes Rodos;;;;-396;; Sparta campaigns in [[Phrygia]];;;;-396;; Sparta campaigns in Ionia, [[Caria]] and march up to [[Sardis]];;;;-395;; Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League;;;;-395;; [[Cephaloedium]] is annexed by Dionysius;;;;-395;; Mylae is annexed by Rhegion;;;;-395;; Argos, Korinthos and Boeotian League leave the Peloponnesian League;;;;-395;; Sparta withdraws from [[Anatolia]];;;;-394;; All Thracian and Anatolian Greek cities leave the Peloponnesian League (Except Sestos and Abydos);;;;-394;; Virtually all Greek Anatolian cities are annexed by Persia;;;;-394;; Klazomenaites relocate to an island off shore;;;;-394;; Mylae is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-394;; Lipari is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-393;; [[Italiote League]] is formed by Sybaris on the Traeis, Croton, [[Caulonia (ancient city)|Caulonia]], Thurii, Rhegium and [[Velia]];;;;-393;; Imbros, Lemnos and Skyros are annexed by Athens;;;;-393;; Makedonia starts paying tribute to the newly formed [[Dardani|Kingdom of Dardania]];;;;-393;; Chalcidian League annexes some Makedonian land;;;;-393;; Sparta occupies [[Lechaio|Lechaeum]];;;;-392;; Heraclea Minoa, Akragas and Sicani territory are annexed by Carthage;;;;-392;; Sicel territory is annexed by Dionysius;;;;-392;; Makedonia stops paying tribute to Dardania;;;;-392;; Makedonia reannexes the land taken by the Chalcidian League;;;;-392;; [[Damastion]] is annexed by Dardania;;;;-392;; Korinth occupies [[Phlius]];;;;-391;; Tauromenion is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius;;;;-391;; Makedonia starts pays tribute to Dardania;;;;-391;; The [[Acarnanian League]] joins the Peloponnesian League;;;;-390;; Dercylidas is succeeded by [[Anaxibius|Anaxibios]];;;;-390;; Himera is merged into Thermae;;;;-390;; Dionysius transfers control of Mylae to Messene;;;;-390;; Kroton is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-390;; Argos and Korinth unite into [[Argo-Korinth|Argos-Korinth]];;;;-390;; Castrugiuvani is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-390;; Metapontion is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-389;; Anaxibios is overthrown by Abydos;;;;-389;; Rhegion is annexed by Syracuse and renamed it to Phoebea;;;;-387;; [[Peace of Antalcidas]] concluded between the Greeks and the Persians that leads to virtually all Greek cities in Asia Minor being annexed by Persia;;;;-387;; [[Ancona]] is founded by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] settlers from [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], who gave it its name: ''Ancona'' stems from the Greek word Ἀγκών (Ankòn), meaning "elbow";;;;-387;; Argos and Korinth split;;;;-387;; All cities gain independence and all league except the Peloponnesian League are disbanded;;;;-387;; Phlius becomes a democracy;;;;-386;; Dardania attacks [[Molossians|Molossia]];;;;-385;; The [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] colonized the island of Pharos ([[Hvar|Hvar, Croatia]]).;;;;-385;; Dionysius occupies Pyrgi and Caere;;;;-384;; Chalcidian League annexes Makedonia land including [[Pella]];;;;-384;; Gela gains independence from Syracuse;;;;-383;; Dionysius leaves [[Etruscan civilization|Eturia]];;;;-383;; [[Liburnia]] sieges Pharos;;;;-383;; Potidaea leaves the Chalcidian League;;;;-383;; Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias;;;;-382;; Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-382;; Sparta sieges Phlius;;;;-380;; Makedonia recaptures their former territory;;;;-380;; Kroton is annexed by Dionysius;;;;-379;; Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League;;;;-379;; The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league;;;;-379;; Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League;;;;-379;; Sparta occupies [[Thespiae]];;;;-379;; [[Themison of Eretria|Themison]] overthrows Eretria;;;;-378;; The Boeotian League is refounded by Thebes;;;;-377;; Abdera is sacked by the [[Triballi]] and [[Maroneia]];;;;-376;; Thespiae and the rest of Boeotia are liberated and join the Boeotian League;;;;-376;; The Acarnanian League defects from the Peloponnesian League and joins the Delian League;;;;-375;; Chalcidian League is reestablished by Olynthus and joins the Delian League;;;;-375;; Kerkyra is sieged by Sparta;;;;-373;; Sparta leaves Kerkyra;;;;-371;; Gythium is occupied by Thebes;;;;-370;; [[Heraclea Sintica]] is founded by Makedonia;;;;-370;; Korinth is overthrown by [[Timophanes]];;;;-369;; [[Aetolian League]] is founded;;;;-368;; [[Daparria]] is annexed by Dardania;;;;-367;; Kroton is annexed by [[Bruttians|Bruttian League]];;;;-367;; [[Opos|Opus]] declares independence from Athens with the help of Themison;;;;-366;; Opus requests Thebes to protect them from Athens and sends a garrison. Opus is impressed into the Boeotian League;;;;-365;; Timophanes is assassinated;;;;-364;; Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League and is subsequently sieged by Thebes;;;;-364;; Orchmenus is impressed into the Boeotian League;;;;-363;; Pydna is impressed into the Delian League;;;;-363;; Themison dies and is succeeded by [[Plutarch of Eretria|Plutarch]];;;;-362;; Potidaea and Torone are impressed into the Delian League and become Athenian Cluerchies;;;;-361;; Tauromenion overthrows the mercenaries and falls under the tyranny of Andromache;;;;-360;; Illios is overthrown by [[Charidemus|Charidemos]];;;;-360;; Abydos is overthrown by [[Iphiades]];;;;-360;; Charidemos is overthrown by Illios;;;;-359;; Dardania annexes [[Lake Ohrid]] and [[Upper Macedonia]];;;;-359;; [[Archelaus (son of Amyntas)|Archelaus]] annexes [[Methone (Pieria), Greece|Methone]], [[Aegae (Macedon)|Aegae]] and Pydna;;;;-359;; Archelaus is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-358;; Macedonia reannexes Lake Ohrid, [[Lynkestis]] and Upper Macedonia from Dardania;;;;-358;; Makedonia annexes [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]];;;;-358;; [[Social War (357–355 BC)|Social War]] Starts;;;;-357;; [[Kos]], Khios, Rodos and Byzantium leave the Delian League;;;;-357;; Makedonia annexes Pydna and Amphipolis;;;;-357;; Dionysius II is overthrown by [[Dion of Syracuse|Dion]];;;;-357;; Phocis annexes Delphi;;;;-356;; Locris is annexed by Dionysius II;;;;-356;; Lemnos, Samos and Imbros is occupied by Chios and leave the Delian League;;;;-356;; Makedonia annexes [[Krinides|Crenides]], renames it [[Philippi]] and settles it with Makedonians;;;;-356;; Makedonian border set on [[Nestos (river)|Nestus]] river;;;;-356;; Potidaea and [[Anthemous|Anthemus]] are annexed by Chalcidian League;;;;-356;; Makedonia sieges Methone;;;;-356;; Lokros is overthrown by Dionysius II;;;;-356;; Social War Ends;;;;-355;; [[Argolas]] is sieged by Phocis;;;;-355;; Dion is overthrown by [[Callippus of Syracuse|Callipus]];;;;-355;; Methone and Abdera are annexed by Makedonia;;;;-354;; Phocis abandons the Siege of Argolas;;;;-354;; [[Thessaly]] is vassalized by Phocis;;;;-354;; Catania is annexed by Callipus;;;;-353;; Makedonia occupied Pagasae;;;;-353;; Thessaly is vassalized by Makedonia;;;;-353;; Callipus is overthrown by [[Hipparinos]] (Callipus keeps Catania);;;;-352;; Nicodemus overthrows Centuripe;;;;-352;; Orchmenus and [[Chaeronea]] are occupied by Phocis;;;;-352;; Rhegion is annexed by Callipus;;;;-351;; Akanthus is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-350;; [[Nice|Nice (Nicaea)]] is founded by the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] of Massalia ([[Marseille]]), and was given the name of ''Nikaia'' (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring [[Ligures|Ligurians]]\; [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] (Νίκη) was the [[Greek mythology|Greek goddess]] of victory.;;;;-350;; Hipparinos is overthrown by Aretaeus;;;;-350;; [[Mamercus of Catane|Mamercus]] ousts Callippus from Catania;;;;-350;; Plutarch is expelled from Eretria;;;;-349;; Aretaeus is overthrown by [[Nysaios]];;;;-349;; Stagira is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-348;; Callipus is overthrown by [[Leptines II|Leptines]];;;;-348;; Leontini is overthrown by [[Hicetas of Leontini|Hicetas]];;;;-347;; [[Plato]], Greek philosopher, founder of [[Academy]], dies.;;;;-347;; Methymna is overthrown by [[Kleommis]];;;;-347;; Phocis withdraws from Boeotia;;;;-346;; Dionysius II leaves Locris and overthrows Nysaios;;;;-346;; [[Lyctus|Lyttos]] is sieged by [[Knossos]];;;;-346;; Makedonia occupies Thermopylae and [[Antikyra]], Nicaea is occupied by Thessaly;;;;-346;; Makedonia withdraws from Thermopylae and Antikyra;;;;-345;; [[Grabaei]] becomes a vassal of Macedonia;;;;-345;; Hicetas sieges Syracuse and seizes Syracuse's territory;;;;-345;; The Pro-Makedonian Tyrant [[Hipparchus of Euboea|Hipparchus]] overthrows Eretria;;;;-345;; Mainland [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse (City)]] is occupied by Hicetas leaving only the citadel in Dionysius' control;;;;-345;; Macedonia occupies Illios and annexes Tenedos;;;;-344;; Siege of Lyttos lifted by Knossos;;;;-344;; Knossos sieges [[Kydonia]];;;;-344;; Hicetas is repulsed by [[Timoleon]] from Syracuse;;;;-344;; Timoleon takes control of all Syracusan forces outside the citadel;;;;-344;; Messene is rebuilt by Timoelon, Adranon is freed from mercenary control, Nicodemus is overthrown by Centuripe with help of Timoleon;;;;-343;; Timoleon annexes the citadel;;;;-343;; Siege of Kydonia is lifted by Knossos;;;;-343;; Rhegion is freed by Timoleon;;;;-342;; [[Aristotle]], [[Greek philosopher]], begins teaching Alexander, son of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip of Macedon]].;;;;-342;; Hipparchus is overthrown by Athenian forces and impressed into the Delian league;;;;-341;; Samothrace is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-341;; Antipolis (modern day [[Antibes]]) is founded by Phocaean Greeks from [[Marseilles|Massilia]].;;;;-340;; Skyros is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-340;; Entella is freed by Timoleon;;;;-340;; [[Elateia]] is occupied by Makedonia;;;;-339;; Agyris and Aetna are freed by Timoleon;;;;-339;; Nicaea is occupied by Boeotia;;;;-339;; Amphissa is annexed by Delphi;;;;-338;; Thyrea is annexed by Argos;;;;-338;; Mamercus dies;;;;-338;; Cumae is annexed by [[Roman Republic|Rome]];;;;-338;; Leontini is freed by Timoleon;;;;-338;; Nafpaktos joins the Aetolian League;;;;-338;; King Philip II of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] August 2 and establishes [[League of Corinth]] during winter of 338 BC/337 BC.;;;;-338;; Amfissa declares independence from Delphi;;;;-337;; Timoleon dies;;;;-336;; [[Lesbos]] is annexed by Makedonia;;;;-336;; [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] succeeds father Philip II, who was assassinated by [[Pausanias of Orestis]].;;;;-336;; Andromache dies and his city is annexed by Syracuse;;;;-334;; [[Battle of the Granicus]];;;;-334;; [[Samnium|Saminum]] is occupied by [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]];;;;-333;; Alexander defeats Persians at [[Battle of Issus]], but [[Darius III]] escapes.;;;;-333;; [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] occupies [[Heraclea Lucania|Heraclea]], [[Metapontum|Metapontium]], Southern [[Lucania]], [[Daunians|Daunia]], [[Paestum]], [[Terina (ancient city)|Terina]] and [[Siponto|Sipontum]];;;;-332;; [[Siege of Tyre (332 BC)|Siege of Tyre]];;;;-332;; [[Siege of Gaza]];;;;-332;; Alexander conquers [[Egypt]].;;;;-332;; [[Alexandria]] is founded by [[Alexander the Great]];;;;-332;; [[Epirus (ancient state)|Epirus]] occupies Cosentia;;;;-331;; [[Battle of Pandosia]];;;;-331;; [[Jerash|Gerasa]] ([[Jordan]]) is founded by Makedonian veterans;;;;-331;; at [[Battle of Gaugamela]] October 1, Alexander ends [[Achaemenid]] Dynasty and conquers [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].;;;;-331;; [[Alexander the Great]] enters in [[Babylon]];;;;-331;; Tauromenion is freed by Carthage;;;;-331;; [[Battle of the Uxian Defile]] (East of [[Susa]], [[Iran]]);;;;-331;; Sparta joins the [[League of Corinth]];;;;-330;; [[Battle of the Persian Gate]], destruction of [[Persepolis]] (modern [[Iran]]);;;;-330;; Pytheas makes the earliest Greek voyage to Great Britain and the Arctic Circle for which there is a record.;Pytheas;;;-330;-325; [[Siege of Cyropolis]];;;;-329;; [[Battle of Jaxartes]];;;;-329;; Alexander conquers [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]];;;;-329;; [[Alexander the Great]] founds [[Alexandria Eschate]] in modern [[Tajikistan]];;;;-329;; Dayuan Kingdom;Dayuan;;;-329;-160; Sybaris on the Traeis is annexed by Bruttian League;;;;-328;; Oenidae is impressed into the Aetolian League;;;;-327;; Under the command of [[Alexander the Great]] the forces of the [[League of Corinth|Hellenic League]] captures the fortress of the [[Sogdian Rock]]. [[Sogdia]]na and the [[Kabul]] region came under Hellenic control;;;;-327;; Alexander invades [[India|northern India]], but his army is despondent and refuses to march further eastwards.;;;;-327;; [[Battle of the Hydaspes]];;;;-326;; Samos joins the Delian League;;;;-326;; [[Alexandria Bucephalous]] (located on the [[Hydaspes]] river, [[Pakistan]]) is founded by [[Alexander the Great]] in memory of his beloved horse [[Bucephalus]];;;;-326;; [[Nearchus]] serving under [[Alexander the Great]] discovers [[Tylos]] (the name used by the Greeks to refer to [[Bahrain]]).;;;;-325;; Kroton is overthrown by [[List of ancient Greek tyrants|Menedemus]];;;;-324;; [[Charax Spasinu]], one of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]] last cities before his death, is established at the head of the [[Persian Gulf]] (modern [[Iraq]]) replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine.;;;;-324;;